Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC affects the colon and rectum, with inflammation largely confined to the intestinal mucosa, whereas CD can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract and may cause complications such as strictures and fistulas.
IBD affects millions of people worldwide, often beginning in early adulthood. Although its exact causes remain unclear, IBD arises from complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, environmental factors, and the intestinal microbiome. Understanding these interactions is essential for uncovering disease mechanisms and developing more effective therapies.
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